Kirsty Fairclough of the University of Salford dubbed Swift "the center of the cultural universe." Billboard journalists felt that "her presence in popular music is the same as popular music itself. She's firing on all cylinders, across multiple mediums and eras, and has zero peers on her level", whereas News.com.au asserted "there hasn't probably been anyone on the planet as culturally significant as Swift ever." Writing for CNN, Scottie Andrew felt that "whenever there's a lull in the cultural discourse", Swift becomes the topic of focus. Billie Schwab Dunn of Newsweek remarked, "Swift has dominated the marketplace, a large portion of the cultural zeitgeist and media attention like no other artist before her". Kyle Chayka of The New Yorker felt Swift is a heroic figure like Napoleon and Julius Caesar, all of whom are "agents of the world-spirit" and symbolic of their respective periods in time. [...]
Time included Swift on its 2010, 2015 and 2019 rankings of the 100 most influential people. In 2014, she was named to Forbes' 30 Under 30 list in the music category. Swift became the youngest woman to be included on Forbes' list of the 100 most powerful women in 2015, ranked at number 64, and the first entertainer to ever place in the list's top five in 2023. She was the most googled woman in 2019 and musician in 2022, as well as the most googled songwriter of all time, and The Guardian named her the most powerful woman in U.K. media. Media outlets noted that she reached a new zenith of fame in 2023, with Glamour saying she "has officially taken over every aspect of popular culture." Describing a critical consensus, writer Jeff Yang said Swift is "increasingly being spoken about as an economic force of nature, a transformative creator advocate, organizer and innovator and arguably the most influential and even the most powerful figure in the music industry." [...]
Swift has ventured into diverse genres and undertaken artistic reinventions throughout her career. Pitchfork opined in 2021 that Swift changed the music landscape forever with a "singularly perceptive" catalog that accommodates musical and cultural shifts. Harbron stated Swift's genre-spanning career encouraged her peers to experiment with diverse sounds. The BBC and Time designated Swift a "music chameleon". Swift stated that she "knew she had to keep innovating" to stay ahead of record labels working to replace her.
Swift's fourth album
Red (2012) intensified the critical debate over her genre categorization, as she was a country artist at that time, but
Red contained heavy pop, electronic and rock elements. Swift said that she opts to let others label genres. [...] According to Harbron,
Red proved the industry that avant-garde is not the only experimental approach in music and that Swift "opened a door for every other musician" in 2012 to coalesce multiple genres into an album.
Post-1989, Swift released her 2020 albums
Folklore and
Evermore, which were described as a mix of indie folk, chamber pop, and alternative rock styles. They expanded the perception of Swift's discography, with many critics describing her catalog as a musically heterogeneous collection of songs. Having demonstrated an emo appeal, Swift's songs are often covered by pop-punk and metalcore acts. American singer-songwriter Noah Kahan said that
Folklore and
Evermore helped reignite popular interest in folk music, and Billboard credited Swift with the power "to pull any sound she wants into mainstream orbit".
Swift [...] is primarily a Nashville-enriched writer, "steeped in Music Row's values of craftsmanship and storytelling" as per Rosen. Her songs are known for their passion and intense emotions. According to Zoya Raza-Sheikh of The Independent, Swift is able to balance universal themes with hyper-specificity, possessing "an uncanny talent for reflecting the world's emotional angst through her own lens." In being personal and vulnerable in her lyrics, music journalist Nick Catucci opined Swift helped make space for other singers like Ariana Grande, Halsey, and Billie Eilish to later do the same. Professor Hannah Wing of Wichita State University attributed Swift's popularity to the intimacy in her music, cultivating a "feeling of closeness".
According to Scarlet Keys, songwriting professor at Berklee College of Music, Swift "mixes poetry with a very colloquial, current language", and frequently uses poetic devices but also knows to be "practical". [...] Similarly, Sam Corbin of The New York Times described Swift as "a linguistic maverick, writing lyrics that toggle between mixed metaphor and catchy confessional." [...] British scholar Jonathan Bate dubbed Swift a "real poet" with a "literary sensibility" evoking the likes of Emily Dickinson and Charlotte Brontë that was rare in pop music. Stephanie Burt, an English professor at Harvard University, described Swift's songwriting skills as rare "at both the macro level of songwriting—presenting a story or an idea—as well as the micro level of fitting together vowels and consonants." [...]
Swift has been instrumental in reforming the business aspects of music, often considered a flag-bearer for artists' rights. Journalists praise her ability to question industry practices, noting how her moves changed streaming platform policies, prompted awareness of intellectual property among upcoming musicians, reshaped the concert ticket model, and negotiated better financial compensations from labels for all music artists. Elle described the Swift-enabled reforms to streaming services as "a milestone moment in the history of music".
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